PAPER - I
1. General Geology:
The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and
products, Volcanic belts; Earthquakes-causes, effects, Seismic zones of India; Island arcs, trenches and midocean
ridges; Continental drifts; Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics; Isostasy.
2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:
Basic concepts of geomorphology; Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage;
Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation; Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal
geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; Hydrology and
environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum; Orbiting
satellites and sensor systems; Indian Remote Sensing Satellites; Satellites data products; Applications of
remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)
– its applications.
3. Structural Geology: Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, Projection diagrams, Stress and
strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in
deformed rocks; Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions; Folds and faults classification
and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Timerelationship
between crystallization and deformation.
4. Paleontology:
Species- definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils; Modes of preservation of fossils;
Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic
and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae; Siwalik fauna;
Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.
5. Indian Stratigraphy:
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and
magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India;
Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora
and economic importance; Major boundary problemsCambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic,
Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous
activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past; Tectonic framework of India; Evolution of the
Himalayas.
6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology:
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity,
permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Waterbearing
characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry; Salt water intrusion; Types of wells; Drainage basin
morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Ground-water recharge; Problems and management of
groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams,
tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides-causes, prevention and
rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.
PAPER - II
1. Mineralogy:
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic
notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography.
Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates;
Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and
halide groups; Clay minerals.
Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction,
birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.
2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology:
Generation and crystallization of magmas; Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopsidewollastonite-
silica systems; Bowen’s Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentation and assimilation;
Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks; Petrography and petrogenesis of
granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks; Carbonatites;
Deccan volcanic province.
Types and agents of metamorphism; Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule; Facies of regional and contact
metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks; Metamorphism of
arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and
granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.
3. Sedimentary Petrology:
Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic
rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance;
Sedimentary structures and their significance; Heavy minerals and their significance; Sedimentary basins of
India.
4. Economic Geology:
Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits; Process of formation of minerals
deposits; Controls of ore localization; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces;
Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc, manganese,
titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India; National
Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources; Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.
5. Mining Geology:
Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling;
Estimation of reserves or ore; Methods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine
mineral resources and building stones; Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology:
Cosmic abundance of elements; Composition of the planets and meteorites; Structure and composition of Earth
and distribution of elements; Trace elements; Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds,
coordination number; Isomorphism and polymorphism; Elementary thermodynamics.
Natural hazards-floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation;
Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers,
dumping of mine waste and fly ash; Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution; Environment
protection legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.
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