Strategy for Sociology By Mr. Rajanvir Singh Kapur (AIR-92)

SOCIOLOGY: WHAT YOU WANTED TO KNOW AND WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW! Rajanvir Singh Kapur
Sociology as a subject is helpful in many ways. A good hold over the subject helps you immensely in handling the social issues in GS as the knowledge comes handy. Even in the essay, there is certainly at least one topic from Sociology. Moreover, the interview also has substantial portion involving social issues and the subject is an asset in such a case. Apart from all these, once you enter the services, a good hold over social realities helps you at all stages. For me, Sociology helped at all these levels to a large extent. As I am an engineer, I can guide you just as much that ensures a good score and performance in the exam.
I will cover my article in fashion of few pivotal questions which you may have. You have some common questions in your mind and the following part of the article will try to help you solve many, if not all. Here we go!
YOU MAY THINK: Which and how many books to study? How to manage such a huge reference list and how to control such large material?
I THINK:Many people, especially peers, may suggest you to refer multiple books to understand the syllabus. But, I differ and differ for sure. You should try to limit the sources while studying but make sure you do that extensively. There is a small trick to this. The trick is that you study some basic stuff, let’s call it ‘Primary’. The primary material should be NCERT books, some fundamental books like Harlemboss for paper 1 and Y.Singh and R.Ahuja books for paper 2. In addition, you buy the ‘Secondary’ material for reference. But, the secondary material should be used only to refer some difficult issues and for adding value to primary.
Adding value to primary means extracting some thinker’s views, case studies etc. Once you have read the Primary material, you should search and add value from secondary material. You can simply look for any new information, cases and books and add it to your primary material notes. You should not read all the books deeply. Rather, one should read few with depth and then simply all new things from multiple sources. Like this, your answers shall be comprehensive, fresh and with diverse knowledge.
YOU MAY THINK: What should be my writing style? How to write good answers in sociology?
I THINK: Writing style is pivotal in getting good score and writing nice answers. For sociology, the key is to keep the language simple and bountiful. By bountiful, I mean that you should use extensively views of thinkers, case studies, book’s names etc. Unlike a subject like Pub Ad, where you can express your views liberally, in sociology you should use the views and opinions of thinkers and sociologists. This, according to me, makes the answers credible and scoring. But, there is one catch here. You should not add case studies for the sake of adding only. They should be relevant to the answer and should help it like good songs of a great Bollywood movie. Like the songs that take the story forward, your answer should flow naturally with the help of these references etc.
YOU MAY THINK: The syllabus looks huge. How do I study the subject? Moreover, how do I study paper 1 and paper 2 in connected way?
I THINK:The best part of Sociology, according to me, is the linkage between the two papers. One should not study the two papers exclusively but together in an intertwined fashion. Once the syllabus is studied like that, the subject takes less time and effort to master and do well in the exam. Now, I will describe a broad theme for such linkage that helped me and would surely help you as well. To easily control a subject like sociology, I personally categorized the whole syllabus into 8 slots. These 8 slots are independent of paper 1 or 2 and link common topics. Even the questions in the exam ask questions that are linked as in these slots.
Slot 1- INDEPENEDENT TOPICS:
(This contains independent topics which are not much interconnected with other areas and can be studied separately as a slot.)
PAPER-1
1. Sociology – The Discipline:
(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.
(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
(c) Sociology and common sense.
2. Sociology as Science:
(a) Science, scientific method and critique.
(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
(c) Positivism and its critique.
(d) Fact value and objectivity.
(e) Non- positivist methodologies.
3. Research Methods and Analysis:
(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.
(b) Techniques of data collection.
(c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.
PAPER-2
A. Introducing Indian Society:
(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian society:
(a) Indology (GS. Ghurye).
(b) Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).
(c) Marxist sociology ( A R Desai).
(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :
(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.
(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.
(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.
(d) Social reforms
(iii) Tribal communities in India:
(a) Definitional problems.
(b) Geographical spread.
(c) Colonial policies and tribes.
(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.
(vi)Population Dynamics:
(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.
(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
(c) Population policy and family planning.
(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.
Slot 2- THINKERS:
PAPER-1
4. Sociological Thinkers:
(a) Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
(b) Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
(c) Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
(d) Talcolt Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.
(e) Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups
(f) Mead – Self and identity.
Slot 3- STRATIFICATION, CASTE AND CLASS:
PAPER-1
5. Stratification and Mobility:
(a) Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation
(b) Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.
(c) Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
(d) Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.
PAPER-2
(ii) Caste System:
(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.
(b) Features of caste system.
(c) Untouchability – forms and perspectives
(iv) Social Classes in India:
(a) Agrarian class structure.
(b) Industrial class structure.
(c) Middle classes in India.
Slot 4-WORK, ECONOMIC LIFE, AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY:
PAPER-1
6. Works and Economic Life:
(a) Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal society, industrial /capitalist society.
(b) Formal and informal organization of work
(c) Labour and society.
PAPER-2
(ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India:
(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.
(b) Green revolution and social change.
(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture .
(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.
(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:
(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.
(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.
(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
(d) Informal sector, child labour
(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.
Slot 7- POLITICS, WESTERN AND INDIAN:
PAPER-1
7. Politics and Society:
(a) Sociological theories of power
(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.
(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
PAPER-2
(iv) Politics and Society:
(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.
(b) Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite.
(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.
(d) Secularization
Slot 8- RELIGION, WESTERN AND INDIAN:
PAPER-1
8. Religion and Society:
(a) Sociological theories of religion.
(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.
PAPER-2
(vi) Religion and Society:
(a) Religious communities in India.
(b) Problems of religious minorities.
Slot 9- FAMILY, KINSHIP, MARRIAGE:
PAPER-1
9. Systems of Kinship:
(a) Family, household, marriage.
(b) Types and forms of family.
(c) Lineage and descent
(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour
(e) Contemporary trends.
PAPER-2
(v) Systems of Kinship in India:
(a) Lineage and descent in India.
(b) Types of kinship systems.
(c) Family and marriage in India.
(d) Household dimensions of the family.
(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.
Slot 10- SOCIAL CHANGE:
PAPER-1
10. Social Change in Modern Society:
(a) Sociological theories of social change.
(b) Development and dependency.
(c) Agents of social change.
(d) Education and social change.
(e) Science, technology and social change.
PAPER-2
(i) Visions of Social Change in India:
(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.
(b) Constitution, law and social change.
(c) Education and social change.
(v) Social Movements in Modern India:
(a) Peasants and farmers movements.
(b) Women’s movement.
(c) Backward classes & Dalit movement.
(d) Environmental movements.
(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.
(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:
(a) Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.
(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
(c) Violence against women.
(d) Caste conflicts.
(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.
Ina nutshell, if you study the syllabus in these 10 slots, then it will be easier to revise, make notes and also to answer applied questions. Most of the applied questions nowadays make use of such linkages and studying the subject in this fashion makes the job very easy indeed. This helped me tremendously and I am sure it would be beneficial for you too.
YOU MAY THINK: How do I make sure my exam temperament is good? How do I finally revise such huge syllabus and get good score.
I THINK: For amazing performance, you surely need great exam temperament. I believe that great exam temperament comes from the fact that you know that you have revised well and you are sure of your preparation. Now, for this, just imagine two scenarios.
Scenario 1: Your Sociology Mains exam is just 2 days away. You want to do well, but are very confused. There are 20 books, 15 notebooks and 100s of leaflets from coaching kept on your study table. You have marked and highlighted but still you need a lot of time going through so many pages. You pray to God and start studying…….
OR
Scenario 2: Your Sociology Mains exam is just 2 days away. You want to do well, and you are sure you will. There are 20 books, 15 notebooks and 100s of leaflets from coaching in your bag. But, your study table just has those 80 sheets you prepared as NOTES for last time revision. You have already gone through the notes 5 times and you still plan to go through them a lot of times to make sure you do exceedingly well. You pray to God and start studying…….
So, my dear friends, you can very well imagine what will happen in last few days before the exam. The key to have great performance is great revision which is possible through great NOTES. You should, before at least 1 month before the Mains, prepare short notes for entire syllabus. These should be concise, complete, crispy and clear. This will enable you multiple last time revisions. That will ensure that you are comfortably in the Scenario 2 and you go the exam hall beaming with confidence and that will reflect in your answers and result.

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5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 SOCIOLOGY: WHAT YOU WANTED TO KNOW AND WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW! Rajanvir Singh Kapur Sociology as a subject is helpful in many ways. A goo...

UPSC Civil Service 2013 Mains Date Sheet...Mains From 2 Dec to 08 Dec


5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013

Download UPSC mains 2013 Admit card






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5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Click  HERE to download

Number Of Attempts and Age Calculation For UPSC Civil Service Exam

Minimum Age 

for appearing in Union Public Service Commission civil service exam
Minimum age (irrespective of caste/category etc.) is 21 years.
You must be minimum 21 years old on 1st August of that given year when the exam will be held.
For example,
  • If you want to give exam in 2011, you must be atleast 21 years old on 1st -Aug-2011
  • if you want to give exam in 3040, you must be atleast 21 years old on 1st-Aug-3040)
Maximum / Upper Age Limit
If you're a _______ category candidate, and want to give exam in the year xxxx, then you must not be ** years old on 1st August of that year.
Now in above sentence, fill in the blanks as per following LIST
 Originally Posted by LIST
  1. General category= 30 years
  2. SC/ST=35 Years
  3. OBC=33 years
  4. blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons=40 years
  5. Citizen of Jammu and Kashmir=35 years
  6. Defense Services personnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof:=33 years
  7. Ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service =35 years
example sentence
if you're a general category candidate, want to appear in 2011's exam, then you must not be 30 years old on 1st August of 2011.
++ above LIST's age relaxation is cumulative for SC/ST/OBC
for example,
  • SC citizen of Jammu Kashmir = gets 5+3 = 8 years extension.
  • OBC Ex-service man gets 3+5=8 years.
  • ST category blind candidate =5+10=15 years relaxation means 30+15=45 years.
this cumulation works upto 2 levels or categories only. 
i.e. ST citizen of Jammu Kashmir who is blind =5+5+10=20 years age relaxation (=can give exam upto 50 years age!) : No!! it doesn't work like that.

Trial / attempt limits
Now regarding the trial limits. The moment you go inside the preliminary exam hall and sign the attendance sheet, your trial is counted (it doesn't matter if you fail or pass..your attempt is counted)
If you only fill up the form but don't go in the exam hall, your attempt is NOT COUNTED.
Most important thing
In the mains application form, they'll ask about all your previous attempts' roll numbers! so DONOT throw away your hall-ticket if you fail in the prelim-exam because you might pass it in the next trial and then you'll have to fill up the mains form! and Noone at Union Public Service Commission is going to find your roll number in that case. So keep record of everything from hall-ticket to form number.
Now lets see the trial-limits.
  • General=4
  • SC/ST=unlimited till they reach the max age.
  • OBC=7
Physically Handicapped /disabled candidates-Attempt / Trial limits
  • General=7
  • OBC=7
  • SC/ST=unlimited till they reach max age.
5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Minimum Age  for appearing in Union Public Service Commission civil service exam Minimum age (irrespective of caste/category etc.) is 2...

UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION,PROGRAMME OF EXAMINATIONS/RECTT TESTs(RT) - 2014

5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Download

How can I start the preparation for IAS Preparation 2014?

CIVIL SERVICES (PRELIMINARY) EXAM 2014

Date of notification: - 17.05.2014
Last date for receipt of application: - 16.06.2014 (MONDAY)
Date of commencement of exam: - 24.08.2014 (SUNDAY)
Duration of exam: - 1 DAY

CIVIL SERVICES (MAIN) EXAM 2014

Date of commencement of exam: - 14.12.2014 (SUNDAY)
Duration of exam: - 5 DAYS
To see the official UPSC notification

Answer. Union Public Service Commission has released the Examination Schedule for the 2014. According to the released schedule, the IAS Preliminary Exam 2014 will be conducted on 24th August, 2014 .So for the candidates who are planning for the IAS Preliminary 2014 will have around one year from now. Right now is the ideal time to start the preparation as the exam demands around one year of concentrated and focused study. The candidate can start their preparation for the IAS Preliminary 2014 by starting from the basic books, NCERT and learning about the current scenario of national and international happenings. IAS Preliminary Exam is a test of the candidates overall persona. It is all about to handle the pressure during exam preparation and at the time of exam. It is high time to start preparation by gauging one’s own preparation in respect to the IAS Preliminary Examination. The IAS Preliminary Exam 2014 will consist of two papers because UPSC has not announced any further change in the pattern of IAS Preliminary examination. The candidate should always have a keen eye on the current events, their repercussions, their importance for the national and international scenario and above all the conditions which resulted in such event.
For the candidate Syllabus and the Previous Year Question Papers are the key to know the demand of the examination. The development of perspective is very important for the preparation of IAS Preliminary exam. The candidate should try to find out the ‘what’, ‘why’, ’how’, ’when’ and ’who’ of the news. The General Studies Paper I of the IAS Preliminary Exam, in the recent past, has become very much current oriented. The paper asked about the under currents of the news. The traditional who’s who is a thing of past now. The exam is more oriented toward the background of the news. The main and the big problem which the candidates are facing is the comprehensiveness of the information on a topic. The exam paper questions asked each and every aspect of any topic such as all the provisions of a policy or all the rules of any government notifications and the likes. This is a big problem which surfaces as the candidate appear in the examination
 
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5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 CIVIL SERVICES (PRELIMINARY) EXAM 2014 Date of notification: - 17.05.2014 Last date for receipt of application: - 16.06.2014 (MONDAY) ...

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SYLLABUS , BOOKS , AND STRATEGY FOR CIVIL SERVICE MAINS


PAPER - I
Political Theory and Indian Politics:
1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.
2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neoliberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial and feminist.
3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian
critiques.
4. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.
5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human Rights.
6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative,
participatory and deliberative.
7. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.
8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.
9. Indian Political Thought : Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri
Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy.
10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci,
Hannah Arendt.
Indian Government and Politics:
1. Indian Nationalism:
(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle: Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-cooperation,
Civil Disobedience; Militant and revolutionary movements, Peasant and workers’ movements.
(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement: Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical humanist and Dalit.
2. Making of the Indian Constitution: Legacies of the British rule; different social and political perspectives.
3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive
Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.
4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
Legislature and Supreme Court.
(b) Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
Legislature and High Courts.
5. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; significance of 73rd and 74th
Amendments; Grassroot movements.
6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance
Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National
Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission,
National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.
7. Federalism: Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and
regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.
8. Planning and Economic Development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; role of planning and public
sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalilzation and economic reforms.
9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.
10. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; patterns of
coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio- economic profile of
Legislators.
11. Social Movements: Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist
movements.
PAPER – II
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics:
1. Comparative Politics: Nature and major approaches; political economy and political sociology perspectives;
limitations of the comparative method.
2. State in comparative perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist
economies, and, advanced industrial and developing societies.
3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groups and social movements in
advanced industrial and developing societies.
4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies.
5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems
theory.
6. Key concepts in International Relations: National interest, Security and power; Balance of power and
deterrence; Transnational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation.
7. Changing International Political Order:
(a) Rise of super powers; strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and Cold War; nuclear threat;
(b) Non-aligned movement: Aims and achievements;
(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; relevance of non-alignment in the
contemporary world.
8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the
CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic
order; Globalisation of the world economy.
9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; specialized UN agencies-aims and functioning; need for
UN reforms.
10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, NAFTA.
11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice, terrorism, nuclear
proliferation.
India and the World:
1. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; institutions of policy-making; continuity and change.
2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement: Different phases; current role.
3. India and South Asia:
(a) Regional Co-operation: SAARC – past performance and future prospects.
(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.
(c) India’s “Look East” policy.
(d) Impediments to regional co-operation: river water disputes; illegal cross-border migration; ethnic
conflicts and insurgencies; border disputes.
4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; leadership role in the demand for
NIEO and WTO negotiations.
5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council.
7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.
8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign policy: India’s position on the recent crisis in Afghanistan, Iraq and
West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; vision of a new world order.


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5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 PAPER - I Political Theory and Indian Politics: 1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches. 2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neolibe...

Grooming future bureaucrats

Union Minister of State for Human Resource Development Shashi Tharoor greets IAS topper Haritha V. Kumar at her residence at Thycaud in Thiruvananthapuram on Sunday. —DC
Union Minister of State for Human Resource Development Shashi Tharoor greets IAS topper Haritha V. Kumar at her residence at Thycaud in Thiruvananthapuram on Sunday. —DC
Thiruvananthapuram: Options are aplenty in the state for those aspiring to be civil servants as almost all regions across the state have seen coaching centres come up in the recent past.
The Kerala State Civil Services Academy in Thiruvananthapuram has several programmes to provide coaching for civil services preliminary examinations.
One of the programmes is the regular training conducted in two sessions — July to November and November to July. Apart from this, there is a year-long course held on Saturdays and Sundays for those who are employed. Apart from this there is a 45-day crash course in May. The academy also has a two-year course for second year degree students enabling them to appear for the civil services examinations the same year they complete graduation.
The academy admitted 180 candidates for the regular programme in the July session and 160 for the November session, said course co-ordinator P.M. Rajiv. As many as 120 students have been admitted to the evening course and 50 to the crash course.
Besides, the academy provides free coaching for all students who clear the preliminary. They are also trained to face the interview. They are paid conveyance to attend the interview and are also provided lodging free of cost at Kerala House.
Another institute that has been leading in such coaching is the Civil Service Institute at Pala. Founded in 1998, the institute is sponsored jointly by the Archdiocese of Changanacherry and the dioceses of Pala and Kanjirappally as a part of the Inter-diocesan Centre for Human Resources Development. It has been offering full-time courses for graduates and post-graduates and starts in July and goes on to November the next year.
There is also a foundation course for higher secondary school students mainly with the syllabus for the IAS preliminary examination. However, students are given training in public speaking, group discussion, leadership activities and interview skills.
Honing communication skills also gets prominence. Foundation classes are conducted on second Saturdays and holidays starting July. It also has crash courses for those who have appeared for prelims.
The state government runs two institutions at Ponnani and Kozhikode. There are several NGOs running such coaching centres across the state. Besides, colleges too have support programmes like the one at Farook College in Kozhikode.
The Ernakulam-Anga­maly Archdiocese runs the Naipunya Academy in Kochi. Thrissur, the centre for coaching to entrance in medical and engineering courses, has the Prof P.C. Thomas Institute of Civil Service. But the St Thomas Academy for Research and Training at Kottuli in Kozhikode had to be closed down in 2011 as there were not enough students.
Success tales were inspiration
The success of previous winners was what motivated her to persevere and dream big, said civil services topper Haritha V. Kumar.
Haritha told Deccan Chronicle that if one were to analysis the results of the past couple of years, it would be quite clear that more students from the state were in the first 100 ranks. Last year as many as seven candidates from the state found a place in that slot. In 2010, one of the students bagged the fourth rank. However, never in the past had three students from Kerala bagged the top five ranks in the civil services examinations, she added with glee.
This achievement would certainly encourage more students to try for civil services in the future, she said. “I personally met Mithra who qualified last year and was inspired by her. I also used to take out newspaper cuttings featuring candidates who had qualified for civil services,” she said.

Less predictability worked for us
Kochi: The sterling performance of Kerala candidates in the 2012 civil service examinations can be attributed to the UPSC’s bid to bring down predictability in questions as part of its effort to end the dominance of Delhi coaching centres, said second rank holder Dr V.Sriram on Sunday.
The change in examination pattern to be effected by the UPSC from 2013 would be a positive step for candidates from Kerala, he told DC over phone from Cuttack.
The weightage for general knowledge going up to 1,000 marks from 600 and that of optional papers being brought down to 500 marks from 1,200 from 2013, can be a further boost to Kerala candidates. “There will also be questions to assess the candidate’s stand on ethical and moral issues from now on,” he said.
Dr Sriram, however, underscored the need for group study and exchange of ideas. “I was fortunate that there was a handful of my friends in the medical college who were interested in civil services. We used to meet and discuss topics for study. The adoption policy of the Kerala Civil Service Academy also helped.” Dr Sriram said he would opt for IAS and would love to work in Kerala.
Software slump is civil Service’s gain
Kochi: A slump in the software industry coupled with better pay scales and security of a  government job has led to the revival of interest in Civil Service in the state, says M.P. Joseph, 1978 batch IAS officer, who is now special advisor to the labour minister.
“High paying software jobs diverted interest in Civil Service since the 1990s. What we are witnessing now is a role reversal with software jobs shrinking in numbers. There is also no sec­urity in a software job,” he told this newspaper.
One should also not forget the growing awareness among youngsters about the  office of power an IAS or IPS occupies, he pointed out. “I still remember the first salute I got. It’s one major ego trip when one joins the service at the age of 22 or 23. But a young officer can do a wonderful job if he or she is responsible and socially committed.”
Joseph, who worked with the International Labour Organisation (ILO), said that Indian Adm­in­istrative Service continues to be one of the best in the world. “ I can vouch for this after seeing the bureaucracies at ILO and several other countries.”
Yet another factor behind the revival is the encouragement by the government to the Kerala Civil Service Academy. Most importantly, the entry into India’s Civil Service continues to be highly professional with UPSC’s gate keeping ens­u­ring only meritorious youngsters are selected, Joseph pointed out.
5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Union Minister of State for Human Resource Development Shashi Tharoor greets IAS topper Haritha V. Kumar at her residence at Thycaud in...

How To Top In Civil Service Exam

Follow all this for 1 year ..


MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - I
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
TOPICS BOOKS & JOURNALS
1. Indianculture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature andArchitecture from ancient to modern times.
 References:
Indian Culture and Heritage – NIOS: www.nios.ac.in
Indian Freedom Struggle of Independence – Bipin Chandra
Facets of Indian Culture - Spectrum Pub.
Indian Culture Chapter of Indian Year Book
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, The Indian Express, EconomicPolitical Weekly, Frontline

2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present significant events, personalities, issues.
References:
Indian Freedom Struggle of Independence – Bipin Chandra
“A Brief History of Modern India” – Spectrum Pub.
Indian Culture Chapter of Indian Year Book
Modern India History – B. L. Grover

3. The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors or contributions from different parts of the country.
References:
12th NCERT – Politics in Indian after Independence.
4. Post-independenceconsolidation and reorganization within the country.
References:
India since Independence – Bipin Chandra
India After Gandhi – Ramchandra Guha
5. Historyof the world will include events from 18th century such as industrialrevolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization,decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialismetc. - their forms and effect on the society.
References:
9th & 10th NCERT – India and thecontemporary world
Mastering Modern World History – Normal Lowe
6. Salientfeatures of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
References:
12th NCERT: Indian Society, Social change andDevelopment in India
Indian Social System – Ram Ahuja
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, The Indian Express, EconomicPolitical Weekly, Frontline, Kurukshetra
7. Roleof women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, povertyand developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
References:
IGNOU-ESO-12: Society in India
Indian Social Structure & Change – K L Sharma
8. Effectsof globalization on Indian society.
References: IGNOU –ESO-16: Social Problems in India
9. Socialempowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
References:
Indian society & Culture – Nadeem Hasnain
Social Problems in India – Ram Ahuja
10. Salient features of world’s physicalgeography.
References:
11th NCERT: Physical Geogrpahy, World Geography by MajidHusain
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, Down to Earth(www.downtoearth.org.in), The Indian Express, Economic Political Weekly,Frontline, Kurukshetra
11. Distribution of key natural resourcesacross the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); factorsresponsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectorindustries in various parts of the world (including India).
References:
Certificate Physical and Human Geography by Goh Cheng Leong,
Around the World (Geography): ICSE Board Class (6, 7 & 8) or
OLD NCERT Books Class (6, 7 & 8)
12. Important Geophysical phenomena such asearthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical featuresand their location - changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
References:
Orient Longman Atlas

MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - II

(Governance,Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)
TOPICS BOOKS & JOURNALS
1. IndianConstitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,significant provisions and basic structure. 
References:
11th NCERT Indian Constitution at work & IndianPolity by M. Lakshmi Kant, Constitution of India By PM Bakshi.
Journals/ Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.
2. Functions and responsibilities of theUnion and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federalstructure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challengestherein.
3. Separation of powers between variousorgans dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
References:
Introduction to the Constitution of India by DD Basu. IGNOU MPS-003 India: Democracy and Development, Indian PublicAdministration 3rd Edition by Rajni & Goyal. 
Journals/ Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.

4. Comparison of the Indian constitutionalscheme with that of other countries.

5. Parliament and State Legislatures -structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these. References:
Political Science by ND Arora, Public Administration By LakshmiKant.

6. Structure, organization and functioningof the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of theGovernment; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role inthe Polity.
References:

12th NCERT: Politics in India After Independence, 2ndARC REPORT, Sarkaria Commission Report. Punchi Commission Report.

7. Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

8. Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

9. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

10. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
References:
8th NCERT- Law & Social Justice, 9thNCERT- Economics, 11th NCERT- Economics: Indian Economic Development. 12th Five Year Plan 2012- Planning Commission.
Journals/ Websites :
www.socialjustice.nic.in, Kurukshetra, The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly,Frontline.

11. Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations,donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
References:
IGNOU MPS-003 India: Democracy and Development.

12. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
References:
Indian Year Book, Economic Survey, Annual Reports: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment.
Journals/ Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana &Kurukshetra.

13. Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector or Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

14. Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

15. Important aspects of governance,transparency and accountability, e-governance - applications, models,successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &accountability and institutional and other measures.

16. Role of civil services in a democracy. References:
Governance In India By Lakshmi Kant, 2nd ARC REPORT, Development Administration by Mohit Bhattacharya, New Horizons of Public Administration 7thEdition by Mohit Bhattacharya, Indian Public Administration 3rd Edition by Rajni & Goyal. 
Journals/ Websites :
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, Kurukshetra,The Indian Express, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.

17. India and its neighborhood- relations.
References:
IGNOU - EPS- 07- International Relations, IGNOU -MP-001-India &the World, IGNOU – MPS-002- International Relations: Theory and problems.
Journals/ Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, World Focus, The Indian Express, Frontline.

18. Bilateral, regional and global group ingsand agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
References:
NCERT Class 12th: Political Science Contemporary World Politics, India’s Foreign Policy- Retrospect and prospect By Sumit Ganguly.

19. Effect of policies and politics ofdeveloped and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
References:
Foreign Policy of India By V N Khanna, India’s Foreign Policy-Retrospect and prospect By Sumit Ganguly.

20. Important International institutions,agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
References:
Manorama Year Book , Ministry of External Affairs, Online Website.

MAINS GENERAL STUDIESPAPER - III

(Technology,Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
TOPICS BOOKS & JOURNALS
1. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth,development and employment.
References:
11th NCERT: Economics: Indian Economic Development
Economic Survey of India
Report: 12th Five Year Plan 2012-17 Documents (Planning Commission)
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, The Indian Express, Economic Times.
2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
References:
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram
Journals/Websites:
Economic Political Weekly
3. Government Budgeting.
References:
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram
The Penguin Dictionary of Economics
Journals/Websites:
Economic Political Weekly
4. Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
References:
India since Independence – Bipan Chandra (Land Reform)
12th NCERT: Geography: India People and Economy
11th NCERT: Economics: Indian Economic Development
Report: 12th Five Year plan 2012-17 Documents (Planning Commission)
Journals/Websites:
The Indian Express, Economic Times, Economic & Political Weekly
5. Issuesrelated to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping;issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics ofanimal-rearing.
References:
Economic survey of India
Indian Economy – R. Dutt & Sundaram
Indian Economy Since Independence – Uma Kapila
India Year Book
Journals/Websites:
Frontline
Kurukshetra
Ministry of Agriculture website
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Website
6. Foodprocessing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location,upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Journals/Websites:
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Website
Ministry of Food Processing Industries Website
7. Landreforms in India.
References:
India since Independence – Bipin Chandra (Land Reform)
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pib.nic.in, Yojana
8. Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and the ireffects on industrial growth.
References:
Indian Economy Since Independence – Uma Kapila
2nd ARC Report (Strengthening Financial management Systems)
India Year Book
Journals/Websites:
Frontline
9. Infrastructure:Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.
2nd ARC Report (Strengthening Financial management Systems)
Journals/Websites:
Kurukshetra
10. Investment models.
11. Science and Technology - developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
References:
Science & Technology: TMH Publication or Spectrum Publication
Science Reporter
Journals/Websites:
Wikipedia, The Indian Express, Frontline, www.pib.nic.in, International Journals and Magazines
12. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space,Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
References:
The Hindu
Journals/Websites:
www.sciencemag.org, www.wisegeek.com
13. Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
References:
Our Environment – NCERT (VII)
Ecology: Unit 10th – Class 12th Biology(NCERT)
Ecology & Environment (India Year Book)
Ecology & Environment – P D Sharma
Journals/Websites:
Down to Earth (www.downtoearth.org.in), The Hindu Survey of the Environment
14. Disaster and disaster management.
References:
IGNOU: MPA – 018- Disaster Management
2nd ARC Report (Crisis Management)
Journals/Websites:
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disaster_management_in_india.pdf
www.ndmindia.nic.in
15. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
References:
12th NCERT: Political Science: Contemporary World Politics (Chapter : Security in the Contemporary World)
Annual Report 2011-12: Ministry of Home Affairs
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pin.nic.in, Yojana
16. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
References:
12th NCERT: Political Science: Contemporary World Politics (Chapter : Security in the Contemporary World)
2nd ARC Report (Public order Capacity Building for Conflict Resolution, Combating Terrorism)
India Year Book
Journals/Websites:
The Hindu, www.pin.nic.in, Yojana, The Indian Express, Economic Political Weekly, Frontline
17. Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
References:
2nd ARC Report (Public order Capacity Building for Conflict Resolution, Combating Terrorism)
India Year Book
Manorama Year Book
Journals/Websites:
Ministry of Home Affairs (www.mha.nic.in)
18. Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
19. Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - IV

(Ethics,Integrity, and Aptitude)
TOPICS BOOKS & JOURNALS
This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered.
1. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence,determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics;ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
References:
2nd ARC REPORT - 4th Report & 10thReport.
New Horizons of Public Administration 7th Edition by Mohit Bhattacharya. Ethics and Accountability in Government and Business byRamesh K Arora. Ethics & Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts &cases By Raymond W. Cox.
Journals/Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, The IndianExpress, Economic & Political Weekly, Economic Times.
2. Attitude: content, structure, function;its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
References:
Social Psycology by Baron,
Ethics by William K. Frankena.
Understanding Ethics by Noel Preston
Journals/Websites:
THE HINDU, PIB www.pib.nic.in, Yojana, The Indian Express, Economic Times.
3. Aptitude and foundational values forCivil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections. 
References:
Indian Public Administration 3rd Edition by Rajni &Goyal.
IGNOU: MPA-011- Ethical Concern In public Administration.
Journals/ Websites:
Frontline.
4. Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
References:
Emotional Intelligence By Daniel Goleman.
Journals/ Websites:
Economic Times, Economic & Political Weekly, Frontline.
5. Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
References:
2nd ARC REPORT – 1st Report & 12thReport.
Journals/ Websites:
Frontline.
6. Public/Civil service values and Ethicsin Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience assources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance;strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
References:
IGNOU: MPA-011-Ethical Concern In public Administration.
7. Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery,Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
8. Case studies on Above Issues

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“Do not let your fire go out, spark by irreplaceable spark in the hopeless swamps of the approximate, the not-quite, the not-yet, and the not-at-all. Do not let the hero in your soul perish in lonely frustration for the life you deserved and have never been able to reach. Check your road and the nature of your battle. The world you desired can be won. It exists. it is real. it is possible. it's yours.” ― Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged

5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Follow all this for 1 year .. MAINS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER - I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and So...

How To choose an Optional in Civil Services Exam by Swarochish Somavanshi, AIR-49, CSE-2011

For every beginner there is a readymade issue- How to choose the Optional Subjects?
I thought to share My Experiences regarding it.The following steps can be used to select optional subjects. The weightage is in decreasing order. It means first point is the most important and the last one is least.
  1. Your Graduation/ Post Graduation subject, provided you have a sound knowledge of the subject. (Engineers are requested to think twice ;)
  2. Scorability; even without any prior special knowledge of the subject. Such as Public Administration is good for all.
  3. Your Aptitude/ Ability to Grasp a particular subject. E.g. I can’t study Biology never!
  4. Availability of Good Material, if you had not had the subject in graduation etc. E.g. For Geography; very good material is available but for Mechanical Engg; it is not true.
  5. Small and Clearly defined syllabus. Examiner can ask number of questions which you will find too difficult to answer, if syllabus is not defined in detail. E.g.- Physics has a very crisply defined syllabus but Pali’s syllabus is vague.
  6. Science- Arts combination; Two science subjects, (Including Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Engg, Medical etc ), generally, are not preferable. According to Sh Supreet Singh Gulati (AIR-2, 2007),one of my very respected seniors, advised me not to take Maths when I had Physics. Whereas one science and one arts is a good combo.
  7. Any special/ incidental knowledge. Suppose your father is a lecturer of Hindi and you already know much about Surdas, Kabirdas, Pragatiwad etc, due to healthy dining table talks, you can go for it.
  8. “Pyara Subject Syndrome”  sometimes we don’t know much about the subject still we are in love with it. Please don’t go for LOVE MARRIAGE. In UPSC everything ARRANGED, works well.
Sometimes there is a contradiction between 1st and 2nd point as, Knowledge vs Scorability-
Case1- You have the knowledge of the subject but “janta” says its not “a scoring subject”-
In this case, since you know the subject, go through the past 10 years paper. If you are comfortable enough, go for it. Nobody knows you better than yourself. Eg- Engg/ Political science/ Economics.
Case2- You don’t have the sound base, still you had studied it in past and it’s “a scoring subject” according to “janta”- Go for it.
If I have to choose between, Case1 and Case2, I will give priority to Case2.
Now what are the scoring subjects?
Answer is all subjects are scoring! Then why only some are popularized to be SCORING?
Answer lies in Market.
Coaching institutes publicize some subjects as they are easy to teachor some or the other reasons; and a number of students take it. A huge number of students appear with so called popular subjects and in proportion get selected. So in absolute numbers they are huge, whereas the Success Ratios of all the subjects are almost same.
Remember always its not the subject which is scoring, rather its YOU who will have to work hard to score in a subject which resonates to your aptitude and background. That’s it.
About theTitle- Optional are the omnipotent as they are the key weapons to your success in the War where we can’t bank upon Wild Horse GS and Enigmatic Interviews.
NB- its an humble request to all those handful of readers who have reached till the last line toSHARE THIS so as to benefit the maximum as I have invested a lot of time to conceptualize and type this write-up. Thanks.
With best wishes,
Swarochish Somavanshi,
AIR-49, CSE-2011
AIR- 575, CSE- 2009

For Mains Optional Specific Material Click Here 
5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 For every beginner there is a readymade issue-  How to choose the Optional Subjects? I thought to share My Experiences regarding ...

How to prepare smartly for upsc civil service exam prelims 2014

Question. How can I start the preparation for IAS Pre 2014?

Answer.  Union Public Service Commission has released the Examination Schedule for the 2014. According to the released schedule, the IAS Preliminary Exam 2014 will be conducted on 24th August, 2014 .
So for the candidates who are planning for the IAS Preliminary 2014 will have around one year from now. Right now is the ideal time to start the preparation as the exam demands around one year of concentrated and focused study. The candidate can start their preparation for the IAS Preliminary 2014 by starting from the basic books and learning about the current scenario of national and international happenings.
IAS Preliminary Exam is a test of the candidates overall persona.
It is all about to handle the pressure during exam preparation and at the time of exam.  It is high time to start preparation by gauging one’s own preparation in respect to the IAS Preliminary Examination.

The IAS Preliminary Exam 2014 will consist of two papers because UPSC has not announced any further change in the pattern of IAS Preliminary examination.

The candidate should always have a keen eye on the current events, their repercussions, their importance for the national and international scenario and above all the conditions which resulted in such event.
For the candidate Syllabus and the Previous Year Question Papers are the key to know the demand of the examination.
 The development of perspective is very important for the preparation of IAS Preliminary exam. The candidate should try to find out the ‘what’, ‘why’, ’how’, ’when’ and ’who’ of the news.

The General Studies Paper I of the IAS Preliminary Exam, in the recent past, has become very much concept  oriented. The paper asked less  about the under currents of the news, but the basic concept hidden in those recent occurrence. The traditional who’s who is a thing of past now. The exam is more oriented toward the background of the news. The main and the big problem which the candidates are facing is the comprehensiveness of the information on a topic. The exam paper questions asked each and every aspect of any topic such as all the provisions of a policy or all the rules of any government notifications and the likes.Few good books have  content that were directly picked to frame the questions e.g

Which of the following bodies does not/do not find mention in the Constitution?

1. National Development Council
2. Planning Commission
3. Zonal Councils

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3


This question is asked from Laxmikant , in the section VIII called as Non constitutional bodies the options are the sub headings of the chapter.
Similarly if you go through the NCERT books (till 10th class) of history , geography, economics, etc. you will find direct answer of the question asked.
So the first and foremost thing you can do to start the preparation is to read the last years question thoroughly and then go through the NCERT books till 10th class. 
After completing that ,move ahead by reading the  previous years mains papers of  and then reading the NCERT books of 11th and 12th class.
This will certainly boost your confidence and make a concrete base upon which you can build the dream of your life. 
Fow CSAT free materials and BOOKS click HERE
5 Upsc Gyan: October 2013 Question. How can I start the preparation for IAS Pre 2014? Answer .  Union Public Service Commission has released the Examination...

General Studies Tricks